Some common laws were present from the second half of the 13th century. Risbyle Runestones is one Runestone with an Orthodox cross proving some Orthodox influence in Sweden and showing some connection with the elite. Many translated example sentences containing "Sweden" – French-English dictionary and search engine for French translations. Sweden offers more than 1000 degree programmes entirely in English. Until 1060, the kings of Uppsala ruled most of modern Sweden except for the southern and western coastal regions, which remained under Danish rule until the 17th century. During the 1980s, Sweden attempted to preserve its model of capitalism plus a generous welfare state through what it called a "bridging policy." Many economists blamed its large tax funded public sector.[29]. At first, the Swedish government flirted with the possibility of changing their neutral stance to side with the Central Powers, and made concessions to them including mining the Öresund straits to close them to Allied warships wishing to enter the Baltic. sweden.se | The official site of Sweden. It held that that neutrality and co-operation with Germany were necessary for survival since Germany was vastly more powerful, concessions were limited and were only made when the threat was too great. There was high inflation as well as overheated real estate and financial markets and a negative real rate of interest. There was a blurring of the ideological fronts resulting from experiences during and after World War II. Over the following centuries, Swedish influence would expand into the North and East, even if borders were often ill-defined or nonexistent. Kurt Almqvist and Kay Glans (eds). Noch Fragen? He consolidated the finances of the Crown by the great reduction of 1680; further changes were made in finance, commerce, national maritime and land armaments, judicial procedure, church government and education.[8]. Sweden never had a fully developed feudal system, and its peasants were never reduced to serfdom. The Liberal Party, based on the middle class, put forth in 1907 a program for local voting rights later accepted in the Riksdag. The fighting reached a climax following the Stockholm Bloodbath in 1520, a mass execution of accused heretics orchestrated by Christian II of Denmark. Nyheter, e-post och sökning är bara början. In the late 14th century, Sweden was becoming increasingly intertwined with Denmark and Norway, with the three eventually uniting in the Kalmar Union. [30], In the early 1960s, U.S. nuclear submarines armed with mid-range Polaris A-1 nuclear missiles were deployed not far from the Swedish west coast. He was inspired by German scholar Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831), a founder of modern German historiography. Religion maintained a major role but public school religious education changed from the drill in the Lutheran catechism to biblical-ethical studies. Jens Ljunggren, "Nation-Building, Primitivism and Manliness: The Issue of Gymnastics in Sweden around 1880". 898 Jobs and Internships for English-speakers in Sweden - 67.661 jobs in the world | iAgora.com. The steady decline of death rates in Sweden began about 1810. Hjärne had an enormous influence on his students and, indeed, on an entire generation of historians, who mostly became political conservatives and nationalists. Table 3.5 shows sweeping consolidation, especially in Sweden . At this time, Sweden consisted of most of what is today the southern part of the country (except for Scania, Blekinge, Halland and Bohuslän), as well as parts of modern Finland. The Russians won decisively at the Battle of Poltava in June 1709, capturing much of the exhausted Swedish army. It is today the symbol of Täby Municipality. - Jetzt registrieren! [12] Slow to learn the limits of Sweden's diminished strength, a party of nobles, who called themselves the "Hats", dreamed of revenge on Russia and ruled the country from 1739 to 1765; they engaged in wars in 1741, 1757, 1788, and 1809, with more or less disastrous results as Russian influence grew after every Swedish defeat. Germany needed Swedish iron, and Sweden had nothing to gain and much to lose from an invasion. The rapid Swedish advance became known in Poland as the Swedish Deluge. This tradition continued into the nineteenth century, laying the basis for the transition towards a modern democracy.[11]. By dealing early, cooperatively, and effectively with the challenges of industrialization and its impact on Swedish social, political, and economic structures, Swedish social democrats were able to create one of the most successful social democratic systems in the world, including both a welfare state and extensive protections of civil liberties.[21]. They depict wild animals such as elk, reindeer, bears and seals. Finland was lost to Russia in a war that lasted from February 1808 to September 1809. Sweden's government web sites were generally not available in English. Crown tax revenues increased, but more importantly, the new system was perceived as fairer and more acceptable. The modern Swedish state was formed over a long period of unification and consolidation. It is therefore usually accepted that Swedish recorded history, in contrast with pre-history, starts around the 11th century, when sources are common enough that they can be contrasted with each other. Sweden came out of the Scanian War with only minor losses largely due to France forcing Sweden's adversaries into the treaties of Fontainebleau (1679) (confirmed at Lund) and Saint-Germain (1679). Forte, Angelo. The U.S. secretly provided Sweden with a military security guarantee, promising to provide military force in aid of Sweden in case of Soviet aggression. Sweden has a large number of petroglyphs (hällristningar in Swedish), with the highest concentration in the province of Bohuslän and the northern part of the county of Kalmar, also called "Tjust". The 1976 parliamentary elections brought a liberal/right-wing coalition to power. This expansion sparked tension with the Russian states, a tension that was to continue throughout Swedish history. The king was overthrown by the army, which in 1810 decided to bring in one of Napoleon's marshals, Jean Bernadotte, as the heir apparent. German influence was less obvious in the beginning, despite an early missionary attempt by Ansgar, but gradually emerged as the dominant religious force in the area, especially after the Norman conquest of England. Historical details about early medieval kings are obscure, and even the dates of their reigning periods remain unclear. Harald Hjärne (1848–1922) pioneered modern historical scholarship. Norway was then forced to enter into a personal union with Sweden that lasted until 1905. Finland was lost to Russia in a war in 1808–1809. A war with Luebeck in 1535 resulted in the expulsion of the Hanseatic traders, who previously had had a monopoly of foreign trade. For men and women of working age, the death rate trend diverged, however, leading to increased excess male mortality during the first half of the century. As the summer comes to an end, fall inevitably draws nearer, and with fall comes the hunting season. Around the year 1000, Olof Skötkonung became the first known king to rule both Svealand and Götaland. The Catholic bishops had supported the Danish King Christian II, but he was overthrown by Gustavus Vasa, and Sweden became independent again. Although most early-19th-century historians tended to follow Voltaire's lead in bestowing extravagant praise on the warrior-king, others have criticised him as a fanatic, a bully, and a bloodthirsty warmonger. Sweden was neutral in World War I, although the Swedish government was sympathetic to both sides at different times during the conflict, even briefly occupying the Åland islands jointly with the Germans. : Political parties, Sweden's Age of liberty and the historians. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania became a Swedish fief, the Polish–Lithuanian regular armies surrendered and the Polish King John II Casimir Vasa fled to the Habsburgs. He overstayed his welcome, refusing to leave until the Ottoman Empire joined him in a new war against Tsar Peter I of Russia. Sweden invaded Norway to enforce the terms of the Kiel treaty in the last war Sweden has fought. Sweden experimented briefly with overseas colonies, including "New Sweden" in Colonial America and the "Swedish Gold Coast" in present-day Ghana, which began in the 1630s. During the same period, the behavior of his troops worsened and turned disastrous. The decline of several diseases during this time created a more favorable environment that increased children's resistance to disease and dramatically lowered child mortality. "Beyond the Military State: Sweden’s Great Power Period in Recent Historiography. “The Modern Home Sweet Home.” The Swedish Success Story? Charles XII and the remnants of his army were cut off from Sweden and fled south into Ottoman territory, where he remained three years. Under the successor, King Gustav IV, Sweden joined various coalitions against Napoleon but was badly defeated and lost much of its territory, especially Finland and Pomerania. I am just translating an English text written by a Swedish company operating th…. Before the end of the 17th century, a secret alliance was formed between Denmark-Norway, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Russia against Sweden. Top employers in Sweden. There were political reverberations and business called for neoliberal government policies. We are the Swedish federation of unemployment insurance funds. Natürlich auch als App. The Academy of Science was founded in 1739 and the Academy of Letters, History, and Antiquities in 1753. ", Jae-Hung Ahn, "Ideology and Interest: The Case of Swedish Social Democracy, 1886–1911. Every fourth (24.9%) resident in the country has immigrant background and every third (32.3%) has at least one parent born abroad. Läs nyheter, artiklar och se tv-klipp om Sweden's News in English på Aftonbladet.se. You can study pretty much any subject in English in Sweden. Almost 300,000 camouflaged Swedes – including the Swedish king! SORT STORIES BY: Editors' Choice Popularity Latest. Um Vokabeln speichern und später lernen zu können, müssen Sie angemeldet sein. (1995) STARC, Ulwencreutz, Lars, Från Oden till Vasa: Svea rikes regentlängder 110 regenter på 1500 år, [Lulu], [Förenta staterna], 2015 King Gustav III (1746–1792) came to the throne in 1771, and in 1772 led a coup d'état, with French support, that established him as an "enlightened despot", who ruled at will. The Swedish soldiers behaved badly, destroying, stealing, raping, and killing. This Guide to Law Online Sweden contains a selection of Swedish legal, juridical, and governmental sources accessible through the Internet. Sweden joined in the Enlightenment culture of the day in the arts, architecture, science, and learning. He felt the Swedish monarchy could survive and flourish by achieving a coalition with the newly emerged middle classes against the nobility. [6], During the 16th and 17th centuries, the kings demanded ever increasing taxes and military conscription, emphasizing the need for defense. Humanitarian aid to Jews facing the Holocaust was the mission of Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. Historians have puzzled over why this military genius overreached and greatly weakened Sweden. The brothers Lauritz Weibull and Curt Weibull were the leaders, and they had followers at Lund and Göteborg universities. However, Turkish failure to pursue the victory enraged Charles and from that moment his relations with the Ottoman administration soured. With a broader voting franchise, the nation saw the emergence of three major party groups – Social Democrat, Liberal, and Conservative. Hier sehen Sie Ihre letzten Suchanfragen, die neueste zuerst. [24] The nation was run by a national unity government, which included all major parties in the Riksdag except the communist party. Over the next six years, four governments ruled and fell, composed by all or some of the parties that had won in 1976. Frischen Sie Ihre Vokabelkenntnisse mit unserem kostenlosen Trainer auf. Charles's persistence worked, as Peter's army was checked by Ottoman troops. Among infants and children between the ages of one and four, smallpox peaked as a cause of death in the 1770–1780s and declined afterward. This first take-off was founded on rural forges, textile proto-industries and sawmills. During World War II, Sweden once again remained neutral, avoiding the fate of occupied Norway. It was not until the 14th century that longer historical texts were produced in Sweden. [27] Sweden's industry had not been damaged by the war and it was in a position to help re-build Northern Europe in the decades following 1945. Translations in context of "Sweden" in English-Arabic from Reverso Context: the government of sweden, norway and sweden, sweden and the united, sweden and switzerland, the representative of sweden The Vikings from Sweden mainly traveled east into Russia, but also took part in the raids of the Western and Southern regions of Europe. Lernen Sie eine neue Sprache - mit LEO ganz leicht! In 1721, Russia and its allies won the war against Sweden. Misgeld, Klaus; Molin, Karl; and Amark, Klas. Russia now dominated the north. Finally a balance was reached that provided a well supplied aggressive foreign policy. This dynasty gradually consolidated a pre-Kalmar-Union Sweden to a strong state. [citation needed] Different interest groups were always involved in official committees that preceded government decisions. Sweden was able to establish control of the Eastern bank of the Sound, formalised in the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), and gain recognition of her southeastern dominions by the European great powers in the Treaty of Oliva (1660); but Sweden was barred from further expansion at the Southern coast of the Baltic. The country elected their king from each district by selecting 12 people[5] from the local nobles, who then elected the king at the Stones of Mora. [31], On February 28, 1986, the Social Democratic leader Prime Minister Olof Palme was assassinated. In the Treaty of Kiel, Denmark ceded mainland Norway to the Swedish king. Bachelor or Masters. A very high proportion of the Swedish population (close to 90%) can speak English very fluently, and you will have no problems conversing with people in English in Stockholm or anywhere else in Sweden. There was an economic crisis with high unemployment and several banks and companies going bankrupt. Shocked Swedes worried whether the nation had lost its innocence.[32]. Sie scheinen einen AdBlocker zu verwenden. Absolute monarchy returned briefly at the end of the 18th century. Sweden now built the first modern army in Europe, supported by a sophisticated tax system and government bureaucracy. Scania was later reconquered by the Danish king Valdemar in 1360. The social democratic party held government for 44 years (1932–1976). A growing awareness of strong national sentiments and an appreciation of natural resources led to the creation of the Swedish Ski Association in 1892 in order to combine nature, leisure, and nationalism. Sverker Sörlin, "Nature, Skiing and Swedish Nationalism. ", This page was last edited on 12 March 2021, at 11:46. En kort introduktion until Sveriges ekonomiska historia, 1750–2010 (Lund 2013). Aktivieren Sie JavaScript für mehr Features und höhere Geschwindigkeit beim Abfragen. King Magnus took advantage of his neighbours' weakness, purchasing lands for the eastern Danish provinces for 6500 kg of silver, which included Scania. [10] The Riksdag developed into an active parliament. Post-war prosperity provided the foundations for the social welfare policies characteristic of modern Sweden. During the Cold War, Sweden was suspicious of the superpowers, but this sentiment lessened as the situation progressed, and Sweden continued to remain neutral. In 1648, Sweden became a guarantor power for the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War and left her with the additional dominions of Bremen-Verden, Wismar and Swedish Pomerania. the Swedish Welfare State in Transition. Two years of military service was made compulsory for young men although there was no warfare. Sweden's role in the Thirty Years' War determined the political and religious balance of power in Europe. The murderer was never found. – migrate to the forests. Swedish-English. Sowohl die Registrierung als auch die Nutzung des Trainers sind kostenlos. This helped Sweden avoid the severe extremist challenges and political and class divisions that plagued many European countries that attempted to develop social democratic systems after 1911. ", Sofia Murhem, "Security and change: The Swedish model and employment protection 1995–2010. Schweden - Englisch-Übersetzung – Linguee Wörterbuch in Linguee nachschlagen After a century of civil wars, a new royal family emerged, which strengthened the power of the crown at the expense of the nobility, while giving the nobles privileges such as exemption from taxation in exchange for military service. The History of Sweden can be traced back to the melting of the Northern Polar Ice Caps. ", Waldenström, Daniel. Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "Swede in" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen. By 2000, however, the positive trends dominated. In a series of Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629) and the Russo-Swedish Ingrian War, Gustavus Adolphus retook Ingria and Kexholm (formally ceded in the Treaty of Stolbovo, 1617) as well as the bulk of Livonia (formally ceded in the Treaty of Altmark, 1629). Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten Aussprache und relevante Diskussionen Kostenloser Vokabeltrainer Übersetzung von Englisch nach Deutsch ist aktiviert. Olsen, Gregg M. "Half Empty or Half Full? Between 1570 and 1800, Sweden experienced two periods of urban expansion. In 1995, a few years after the end of the Cold War, Sweden became a member of the European Union and the old term "policy of neutrality" fell out of use. He disappeared in January 1945, and probably died in a Soviet prison in 1947.[25]. Vielen Dank, dass Sie unser Angebot durch eine Spende unterstützen wollen! This coalition acted at the start of the 18th century when Denmark-Norway and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth launched surprise attacks on Sweden. The social democratic party held government for 44 years (1932–1976). Moberg, Vilhelm, and Paul Britten Austin. [33][34] In a referendum held in 2003, the majority voted not to adopt the Euro as the country's official currency. This further divided the country between parties because the ruler was not clear. Sweden has a large number of petroglyphs (hällristningar[2] in Swedish), with the highest concentration in the province of Bohuslän and the northern part of the county of Kalmar, also called "Tjust". During the First World War and the 1920s, its industries expanded to meet the European demand for Swedish steel, ball bearings, wood pulp, and matches. Throughout the Stone Age, between 8,000 BC and 6,000 BC, early inhabitants used stone-crafting methods to make tools and weapons for hunting, gathering and fishing as means of survival.[1]. "Fluctuat nec mergitur: Economic history in Sweden at the turn of the century 2000. Kurzanleitung zum persönlichen Bereich (Mein LEO), Can anyone explain why non-europeans mix up switzerland with sweden? Following half a century of parliamentary domination came the reaction from the monarchy. What do I understand by the "Stockholm Syndrome/ the Stockholm effect"? [17] In 1813, his forces joined the allies against Napoleon and defeated the Danes at Bornhöved. The total resident population of Sweden was 10,377,781 in October 2020. Our task is to serve the interest of, and provide services to, Sweden’s 25 unemployment insurance funds. He was shot through the head during a siege in his second failed attack on Norway, but whether by assassination at close range or by stray enemy fire at long range is mysteriously unclear. The conversion from Norse paganism to Christianity was a complex, gradual, and at times violent (see Temple at Uppsala) process. He had a Jacobin background and was well-grounded in revolutionary principles, but put Sweden in the coalition that opposed Napoleon. The war-weary Riksdag asserted new powers and reduced the crown to a constitutional monarchy, with power held by a civilian government controlled by the Riksdag. [9] In the subsequent peace treaties, the allied powers, joined by Russia and Great Britain-Hanover, ended Sweden's reign as a great power. Although the young Swedish King Charles XII (1682–1718; reigned 1697–1718) won spectacular victories in the early years of the Great Northern War, most notably in the stunning success against the Russians at the Battle of Narva (1700), his plan to attack Moscow and force Russia into peace proved too ambitious. Übersetzung von Deutsch nach Englisch ist aktiviert. [28] However, by the 1970s, the economies of the rest of Western Europe were prosperous and growing rapidly, while the Swedish economy stagnated.
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